Heading Strengthening Counter-Piracy Responses: The Gulf of Guinea Maritime Collaboration Forum
An article by the Gulf of Guinea Maritime Institute
Shared Awareness – A Starting Point
In the past decade, the world has witnessed an evolution of the Gulf of Guinea’s maritime security threat trajectory – an evolution that rendered the region the most dangerous for seafarers. In 2020, all fifty-seven (57) incidents of kidnapping-for-ransom worldwide occurred in the Gulf; and in the first quarter of 2021, the region accounted for nearly half of all reported piracy incidents worldwide, leaving it as the world’s piracy hotspot, according to the International Maritime Bureau (IMB).
What remained clear during this period was that the region presented a unique convolution of enablers for piratical activities, with an inadequate framework for effective maritime regulation and enforcement. In particular, few mechanisms existed for operative dissemination and sharing of information across the broad range of actors involved – a prerequisite to fostering coordinated responses to piracy in the region. Recognising this, the Government of Nigeria and the Inter-regional Coordination Centre (ICC), which represents twenty-one (21) countries in the Gulf of Guinea, signed a Memorandum of Understanding to establish a regionally owned forum, aimed at fostering shared awareness and military de-confliction.
The Gulf of Guinea Maritime Collaboration Forum and Shared Awareness and De-confliction (GoG-MCF/SHADE) seeks to create a viable platform for navies, industry partners and other relevant stakeholders from across the Gulf of Guinea and beyond to harmonise counter-piracy efforts and communication in the region under the existing information sharing architecture provided by both the Yaoundé Code of Conduct (YCOC) and the Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy and Enhance Maritime Security off the Coast of West Africa (BMP-WA).
Modus Operandi
The GoG-MCF/SHADE functions primarily through plenary sessions, each intended to generate dialogue and result in tangible action steps necessary to foster operational coordination between regional navies and stakeholders within the Gulf of Guinea’s maritime industry.
The initiative’s three (3) Working Groups (WG) were formed during the first plenary session across the following thematic areas: Cooperation at Sea (operations), Reporting and Information Sharing and Air De-confliction.
The primary purpose of the WG is to identify viable areas for the enhancement of cooperation and de-confliction and to make salient recommendations for each plenary to adopt. To facilitate this, each Working Group includes a subject-matter expert and is chaired by a regional representative. The chart below highlights the major objectives of each of the Working Groups.
The SHADE Model has already demonstrated its ability to support the exchange of information between regional and non-regional military forces in countering Somali piracy in the Horn of Africa.
Giulia Nicoloso, Critical Maritime Routes Programme
Modus Operandi
The GoG-MCF/SHADE functions primarily through plenary sessions, each intended to generate dialogue and result in tangible action steps necessary to foster operational coordination between regional navies and stakeholders within the Gulf of Guinea’s maritime industry.
The initiative’s three (3) Working Groups (WG) were formed during the first plenary session across the following thematic areas: Cooperation at Sea (operations), Reporting and Information Sharing and Air De-confliction.
The primary purpose of the WG is to identify viable areas for the enhancement of cooperation and de-confliction and to make salient recommendations for each plenary to adopt. To facilitate this, each Working Group includes a subject-matter expert and is chaired by a regional representative. The chart below highlights the major objectives of each of the Working Groups.
Figure 1: Thematic Working Groups
Complementarities
The GoG-MCF/SHADE model was designed to work complimentarily with existing information sharing architectures and initiatives in the Gulf of Guinea region, such as the YCOC, BMP-WA and G7++ Friends of the Gulf of Guinea (FoGG).
Past Plenaries
Since its establishment, the GoG-MCF/SHADE has held five plenary sessions, each complemented by technical Working Group meetings, Working Group chair coordination meetings and plenary session reports. The first four plenaries were held on a bi-monthly cycle; however, a decision has been made to host the plenaries on a tri-monthly cycle going forward.
Figure 2: Functional Sessions of the SHADE Model
The Fifth Plenary: A Closer Look
The fifth plenary presented the first opportunity for the GoG-MCF/SHADE Forum to be convened in-person, facilitating a more active engagement amongst the stakeholders present. The plenary had the theme Sustainability of Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea and provided an opportunity for maritime stakeholders to advocate the need for effective collaboration in the battle against maritime criminality in the region. In attendance were ninety (90) representatives from the sub-region and beyond, making it one of the largest platforms for galvanizing the efforts of stakeholders in operational responses to piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea.
Figure 3: Range of Participants: 5th Plenary Session
The plenary highlighted, amongst other things, the crucial support of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and the G7++ FoGG in advancing the objectives of the forum and facilitating positive interactions.
The shipping industry also called for more effective information sharing and interaction between navies operating in the Gulf of Guinea to enhance visibility in the region’s piracy hotspots. The need for such information sharing had to be carefully juxtaposed against a delineation of the roles and responsibilities of different national agencies, while recognising complementarities to avoid a duplication of efforts.
Some of the key recommendations resulting from the plenary are indicated below:
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There is the need for national stakeholders to review and upgrade Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) infrastructure and systems to improve MDA in the Gulf of Guinea. Other relevant stakeholders must also consider the integration of national air assets in enhancing MDA and regional counter-piracy responses.
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The forum must develop a regular threat assessment for the Gulf of Guinea to facilitate regional naval awareness and industry risk assessment.
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The GoG-MCF/SHADE should be effectively used to facilitate the joint strategic communications needed to demonstrate regional progress in effectively addressing piracy and armed robbery at sea.
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Actors at the national level must continue to improve national legislations to ensure a legal finish to piracy prosecutions.
The key challenge in the Gulf of Guinea is to effectively integrate all initiatives to address piracy, armed robbery and all maritime criminality into a focused and coordinated effort through the Yaoundé Code of Conduct framework.
IMO will continue to play a significant role in facilitating this integration, by maintaining our unstinting support for the Yaoundé Code of Conduct architecture and strengthening capability and capacity.
Secretary-General Kitack Lim, International Maritime Organisation - 14th July, 2021
Towards Effective Counter-piracy Responses
The Gulf of Guinea is characterised by a complex set of maritime security interventions and initiatives, each aimed at addressing pertinent maritime criminalities such as piracy and armed robbery at sea. The GoG-MCF/SHADE presents a practical opportunity to coordinate efforts by the broad range of stakeholders in the region towards the shared goal of enhancing maritime security. More specifically the SHADE forum has led to the following notable benefits:
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Facilitation of operational dialogue across the clear-cut thematic areas of the WPs (Air De-confliction, Cooperation at Sea and Information Sharing) resulting in more targeted dialogues across groups with shared maritime security priorities
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Catalysation of active external stakeholder initiation of effective maritime regulation and enforcement operations, intended to complement other efforts across the region
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Establishment of operable best practices and mechansims for reporting incidents across regional navies, such as a replication of the Mercury communication platform used within the Indian Ocean through SOLARTA.
Of course, the model can only be successful with the full and active participation of regional and international navies, as well as other relevant stakeholders within the Gulf of Guinea in particular, and across the globe at large. As more plenaries are held, it is imperative that action items are effectively implemented and assessed against intended goals, so that lessons learnt can continually feed into a more effective functioning of GoG-MCF/SHADE.
[SOLARTA] has gone online, is being used…and has proved to be effective in preventing attacks becoming hostage situations…And that is a big accomplishment in the space of six months.
Simon Church, Special Adviser to Forum Co-chairs - 7th February, 2022
…The establishment of…SHADE has enabled working-level stakeholders from the GoG region and outside…to connect and discuss how best to tackle piracy in the area…this has been a catalyst for non-regional stakeholders to step up and initiate effective maritime law enforcement operations…
Dr. Bashir Jamoh, Director-General, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency - 5th May, 2022
The Institute wishes to acknowledge the GoG-MCF SHADE for granting access to useful resources on the initiative, relevant to the preparation of this article
نظرة عامة على الحدث
في 26 أبريل 2021 ، أعلنت المحكمة الجنائية الدولية ياوندي ونيجيريا عن تشكيل إطار دولي لتوفير الوعي المشترك وعدم التضارب للأنشطة في خليج غينيا. هذا الحدث هو الاجتماع الافتتاحي لهذا الإطار المشار إليه باسم منتدى التعاون البحري لخليج غينيا - SHADE (GOG MCF / SHADE). هذا الاجتماع عبر الإنترنت الذي يستضيفه معهد خليج غينيا البحري (GOGMI) هو بدعوة من رؤساء SHADE المشاركين من المحكمة الجنائية الدولية والبحرية النيجيرية.
المتحدثون الضيوف
السيد Kitack Lim ، الأمين العام للمنظمة البحرية الدولية
نائب الأدميرال أوال زبيرو جامبو - رئيس الأركان البحرية ، نيجيريا
الأدميرال نارسيسو فاستودو - المدير التنفيذي ، ICC ياوندي
الدكتور بشير جاموه ، المدير العام / الرئيس التنفيذي لشركة نيماسا ، نيجيريا
السيد جاي بلاتن ، الأمين العام للغرفة الدولية للشحن البحري
ميزات الحدث
الجلسة الأولى
جلسة عامة
ملاحظات
رؤية
يخطط
العروض التقديمية
الجلسة الثانية
سيتم تقسيم الاجتماع إلى جلستين. ستفتتح الجلسة الصباحية رسميًا هذه الجلسة العامة التاريخية وتتضمن ملاحظات ترحيبية من قبل كل من الشخصيات الإقليمية والدولية البارزة. سيقود الرؤساء المشاركون في الجلسة العامة الجلسة الثانية من خلال وضع الرؤية والخطة لما سيسعى GOG-MCF SHADE إلى تحقيقه. ثلاثة من رؤساء مجموعات العمل المخصصة يمثلون التعاون في البحر (العمليات) ، والإبلاغ ، وتبادل المعلومات ، وإزالة الصراع الجوي سيقدمون خطتهم لتحقيق الأهداف المحددة.
GOG-MCF / SHADE هو اجتماع عمل بهدف إنتاج إجراءات وتدابير ذات مغزى تترجم إلى زيادة كبيرة في التعاون البحري بين القوات البحرية الإقليمية والدولية ، وصناعة النقل البحري الدولية ، وأصحاب المصلحة البحريين في خليج غينيا. سيتم تقديم الفرصة لأصحاب المصلحة البحريين للنظر في المكان الذي يمكن أن تضيف فيه مساهمتهم قيمة.
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